Cooking & Markets

1. Ble mae'r farchnad leol?

   Where is the local market?

   Usage

   Used when looking for fresh local produce

   Grammar Note

   In Welsh, "marchnad" (market) undergoes soft mutation to "farchnad" after "mae'r"

2. Beth yw enw'r cynhwysyn hwn?

   What is this ingredient called?

   Usage

   Used to ask the name of an unfamiliar ingredient

   Grammar Note

   "Beth yw ~?" is the standard Welsh question structure meaning "what is ~?"

3. Ydy'r pryd hwn yn sbeislyd iawn?

   Is this dish very spicy?

   Usage

   Used to check whether a dish is very spicy

   Grammar Note

   "iawn" is a Welsh adverb meaning "very/really"

4. Allwch chi argymell dosbarth coginio?

   Can you recommend a cooking class?

   Usage

   Used when seeking a cooking class recommendation

   Grammar Note

   "Allwch chi ~?" is a polite request: "can you ~?"

5. Sut mae paratoi'r pryd hwn?

   How do you prepare this dish?

   Usage

   Used to ask how to prepare a dish

   Grammar Note

   "Sut mae ~?" asks how something is done in Welsh

6. Ble gallaf brynu llysiau ffres?

   Where can I buy fresh vegetables?

   Usage

   Used to find where to buy fresh produce

   Grammar Note

   "gallaf" is first-person "can"; "prynu" (buy) soft-mutates to "brynu" after it

7. Hoffwn i ddysgu coginio bwyd lleol.

   I'd like to learn to cook local food.

   Usage

   Expresses interest in learning local cuisine

   Grammar Note

   "Hoffwn i ~" is the conditional form expressing "I would like to ~"

8. Oes gennych chi gynhwysion llysieuol?

   Do you have vegetarian ingredients?

   Usage

   Used when looking for vegetarian-friendly ingredients

   Grammar Note

   "Oes gennych chi ~?" is the polite form of "do you have ~?"

9. Pa sbeis sy'n cael ei ddefnyddio yn y pryd hwn?

   What spices are used in this dish?

   Usage

   Used to inquire about spices in a dish

   Grammar Note

   "cael ei ddefnyddio" is the Welsh passive voice construction

10. Ga i flasu sampl?

    Can I try a sample?

    Usage

    Used at markets or food shops to request a taste

    Grammar Note

    "Ga i ~?" asks for permission: "can I ~?"

11. halen

    Salt

    Usage

    Salt; also useful when asking for less of it

12. siwgr

    Sugar

    Usage

    Sugar; also for pointing out what you need to avoid

13. pupur du

    Black pepper

    Usage

    "Pupur" alone can also mean a bell pepper, so "du" (black) disambiguates it

14. olew coginio

    Cooking oil

    Usage

    "Olew" alone also means petroleum oil, so "coginio" (cooking) is added

15. finegr

    Vinegar

    Usage

    Vinegar, the standard condiment on fish and chips

16. ymenyn

    Butter

    Usage

    The standard form; southern speech and many labels use "menyn"

17. mêl

    Honey

    Usage

    Honey; keep the circumflex on "ê"

18. garlleg

    Garlic

    Usage

    Garlic; point at it if you cannot eat it

19. winwnsyn

    Onion

    Usage

    The southern word; North Wales says "nionyn". The plural is "winwns"

20. sinsir

    Ginger

    Usage

    Ginger, both as an ingredient and in a hot drink

21. tsili

    Chilli

    Usage

    Chilli; point at it to ask for more or less heat

22. coriander

    Coriander

    Usage

    Coriander; point at it to have it left out

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